Masquerade Syndromes
Primary intraocular lymphoma (PIOL), also known as primary retinal lymphoma (PRL) or reticulum cell sarcoma, is a subset of primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) that involves the retina, vitreous, and optic…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Anterior Uveitis
Anterior uveitis constitutes up to 75% of all cases of uveitis and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-B27–associated uveitis is the most commonly diagnosed cause of acute anterior uveitis. This haplotype is…
Episcleritis, Scleritis, and Keratitis
Episcleritis is a self-limited, generally benign inflammation of the episclera. Etiology and Epidemiology Episcleritis occurs most frequently in young to middle-aged women (20 to 40 years old). It is frequently…
AIDS-Related Eye Disease
As of 2007, over one million people in the United States, and over 33 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus. Men make up 75% of affected patients,…
Endophthalmitis
ACUTE-ONSET POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS Endophthalmitis is characterized by marked inflammation of intraocular tissues and fluids. In a patient with endophthalmitis, the etiology and most likely infecting organisms may be predicted by…
Treatment of Uveitis
Local therapy of uveitis consists of topical drops, periocular injections, and intravitreal modalities, including injections and implants. TOPICAL THERAPY PREDNISOLONE AND DIFLUPREDNATE Prednisolone acetate 1% ophthalmic suspension is a commonly…
Immune Response Overview
BASIC CONCEPTS The immune response is a complex system that protects the body from harm. Ideally, the immune response recognizes pathologic material and then eliminates it with minimal collateral damage….
Cataract- and Lens-Induced Uveitis
Phacoantigenic/phacoanaphylactic uveitis is the result of an immunologic response from disruption of the lens capsule with subsequent release of lens proteins. The clinical diagnosis of phacoanaphylaxis, particularly in an eye…
Intermediate Uveitis
Intermediate uveitis (IU) refers to ocular inflammation that localizes primarily to the vitreous and peripheral retina. Epidemiology and Etiology IU most often occurs in children and young adults. IU accounts…
Drug-Induced Uveitis
Uveitis is usually due to immune or infectious causes; however, certain systemic or local drugs may also precipitate intraocular inflammation. In general, the pathogenesis of drug-induced inflammation is not well…
