How to refract

Apr 27, 2017 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on How to refract

Figure 4.1 Correct fitting of a trial frame with each pupil in the centre of each aperture, both horizontally and vertically. Back vertex distance Place a lens (of any value)…

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What does refractive error mean?

Apr 27, 2017 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on What does refractive error mean?

Figure 3.1 Emmetropia: light from a distant object forms an image on the retina Refractive error (ametropia) ‘Refractive error’ (ametropia) means that an eye does not allow light from a…

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How to use a focimeter

Apr 27, 2017 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on How to use a focimeter

Figure 6.1 A focimeter Recording distance prescription Turn the focimeter on and set the focusing wheel to zero. Then turn the viewing eyepiece fully anticlockwise and look down the eyepiece,…

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Introduction: a book for ophthalmologists

Apr 27, 2017 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Introduction: a book for ophthalmologists

!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> 1 Introduction: a book for ophthalmologists Refraction, like most practical skills, is an art with a scientific basis. Once mastered, it is satisfying…

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Final tips for the exam

Apr 27, 2017 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Final tips for the exam

!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> 8 Final tips for the exam More than 2 months before the exam Read this book! Read the Refraction Certificate Examination application details…

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Lens neutralisation

Apr 27, 2017 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Lens neutralisation

!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> 7 Lens neutralisation It is possible to establish the spectacle distance and near prescription (and also prismatic component) of a pair of bifocal…

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Retinoscopy of a model eye

Apr 27, 2017 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Retinoscopy of a model eye

!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd”> 5 Retinoscopy of a model eye The Refraction Certificate Examination may require you to complete objective refraction (retinoscopy) of a model eye within…

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The Refraction Certificate Examination

Apr 27, 2017 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on The Refraction Certificate Examination

Room 2 Station 4: Cycloplegic retinoscopy 3 – first eye of a patient. Station 5: Cycloplegic retinoscopy 4 – second eye of the same patient. Station 6: Lens neutralisation with…

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Noninfectious Inflammation

Apr 27, 2017 by in OPHTHALMOLOGY Comments Off on Noninfectious Inflammation

19 Noninfectious InflammationRONALD BUGGAGE Categorizing Uveitis How Is Uveitis Defined? Strictly speaking, uveitis is defined as inflammation of the uvea that is composed of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid….

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