Orbital Lymphoid Tumors and Leukemias Orbital Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma General Considerations Lymphoid tumors range from low-grade lymphoid hyperplasias to highly malignant lymphoma. The classification of lymphoid tumors is complex, discussed in…
Orbital Secondary Tumors Orbital Secondary Tumors General Considerations By traditional definition, an orbital secondary tumor is a neoplasm that has invaded the orbital tissues to form a neoplastic site in…
Lacrimal Gland Primary Epithelial Tumors Introduction: Lacrimal Gland Lesions A variety of neoplasms and related lesions can arise in the lacrimal gland (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13). Lacrimal gland lesions have many similarities to…
Orbital Histiocytic Tumors and Pseudotumors Orbital Juvenile Xanthogranuloma General Considerations Proliferative disorders of histiocytes comprise a spectrum, ranging from solitary benign inflammatory processes to widely disseminated lesions that exhibit malignant…
Orbital Lipomatous and Myxomatous Tumors Orbital Fat Prolapse General Considerations Weakening of the orbital septum with anterior displacement of orbital fat (“baggy eyelids”) is very common in older individuals. This…
Orbital Osseous, Fibro-osseous, and Cartilaginous Tumors Orbital Osteoma General Considerations The main tumors of bone are the benign osteoma and the malignant osteosarcoma (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23). Osteoma is the most common tumor…
Orbital Fibrous Connective Tissue Tumors Orbital Nodular Fasciitis and Fibroma Orbital Nodular Fasciitis General Considerations Nodular fasciitis is a benign nodular proliferation of connective tissue that usually involves superficial fascia…
Orbital Primary Melanocytic Tumors Orbital Melanoma Arising from Ocular Melanocytosis and Blue Nevus General Considerations Primary melanocytic orbital tumors include melanoma, melanocytic hamartoma, and melanotic neuroectodermal tumor (MNET) of infancy…
Orbital Vascular and Hemorrhagic Lesions Orbital Capillary Hemangioma General Considerations Capillary hemangioma (benign hemangioendothelioma; strawberry hemangioma) is an important cutaneous vascular tumor of childhood. In the ocular region, it usually…
Optic Nerve, Meningeal, and Other Neural Tumors Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Optic Nerve Glioma) General Considerations Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA; optic nerve glioma) is a well known and important…
