Fig. 10.1 Histologic appearance of extraocular muscle in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (hematoxylin and eosin). The focal and perivascular interstitial inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrate is in close association with intact striated extraocular…
Name of instrument Number of items Subscales/categories Example(s) of use in TED patients Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 12, 20, or 36, depending on the form that is used (e.g., Short…
Fig. 9.1 (a) A 48-year-old female with severe inflammatory TED. (b) Same patient following rehabilitative orbital decompression surgery Orbital decompression appears successful in improving visual functioning in a majority of…
Fig. 7.1 Number of male genomes detected per 100,000 female genomes in the thyroid of women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, nodular goiter, and normal thyroid [9]. Reprinted with permission from Bioscientifica…
Fig. 2.1 (a) Young female with proptosis and bilateral upper lid retraction and lacrimal gland prolapse. (b) Axial computerized tomography (CT) scan of same patient showing marked proptosis from fat…
Fig. 3.1 (a) Similar spindle-shaped phenotypes among orbital fibroblasts, dermal fibroblasts, and fibrocytes (hematoxylin and eosin, ×20). (b) Fibrocytes from individuals with GD display cell surface receptor CD34. (1) Immunofloresence…
Fig. 5.1 Graves’ ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease (TED) (red circle) occurs in 90 % of patients in conjunction with Graves’ hyperthyroidism, but 10 % is euthyroid or hypothyroid. Patients…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Raymond S. Douglas, Allison N. McCoy and Shivani Gupta (eds.)Thyroid Eye Disease10.1007/978-1-4939-1746-4_8 8. Medical Management of Mild and Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease Lucy Clarke1 and Petros Perros2 (1) Newcastle Eye…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Raymond S. Douglas, Allison N. McCoy and Shivani Gupta (eds.)Thyroid Eye Disease10.1007/978-1-4939-1746-4_4 4. Management of Hyperthyroidism in the Setting of Thyroid Eye Disease Fatemeh Rajaii1 , Shivani Gupta1 and Raymond S. Douglas1 (1) Division of…
Primary hyperthyroidism • Graves’ disease • Toxic multinodular goiter • Toxic adenoma • Amiodarone, iodine excess • Ingestion of excess thyroid hormone (thyrotoxicosis factitia) or thyroid tissue • Subacute thyroiditis…
