Metastatic Tumors to the Uvea, Retina, and Optic Disc Metastatic Tumors to the Intraocular Structures General Considerations Metastatic cancer probably represents the most common form of intraocular malignancy. There are…
Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Management Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Management In recent years, there have been advances in the management of posterior uveal melanoma, and several options are now available (1, 2,…
Glial Tumors of the Retina and Optic Disc Pseudoneoplastic Gliosis of the Retina General Considerations Lesions that originate from retina glial cells include reactive gliosis, nodular pseudoneoplastic gliosis, astrocytic hamartoma,…
Retinoblastoma: Introduction, Genetics, Clinical Features, Classification Retinoblastoma: Introduction, Genetics, and Clinical Features Introduction Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, occurring in about 1 in 15,000 live births….
Vascular Tumors and Malformations of the Uvea Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma General Considerations Several vascular tumors and malformations can affect the uveal tract. The most important is choroidal hemangioma, which can…
Tumors of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Epithelium Congenital Neoplasms (Medulloepithelioma) Several neoplasms and related lesions can originate in the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE). Zimmerman classified these lesions into congenital and acquired…
Management of Retinoblastoma Management of Retinoblastoma General Considerations The management of retinoblastoma has gone through a remarkable evolution in the last century, and the treatment has become complex (1, 2,…
Lesions That Can Simulate Retinoblastoma Lesions Simulating Retinoblastoma Several conditions can resemble retinoblastoma by causing a white fundus lesion and/or by causing leukocoria (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,…
Osseous, Myogenic, Neurogenic, Fibrous, and Histiocytic Tumors of the Uvea Choroidal Osteoma General Considerations Choroidal osteoma (choroidal osseous choristoma) is an unusual benign bony tumor that has received much attention…
Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Clinical Features Clinical Features of Posterior Uveal Melanoma General Considerations Melanoma of the posterior uvea (ciliary body and choroid) is the most common malignancy encountered by ophthalmologists,…
