Clinical Visual Electrophysiology J. Vernon Odom Monique Leys George W. Weinstein In this chapter, we introduce the reader to some of the principles of and major observations in clinical electrophysiology….

An Introduction to Color Vision William E. Benson ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY The basic building block of matter, the atom, consists of a nucleus (composed of protons and neutrons) and electrons, which…

Current Management Decisions in Retinal Vein Occlusion Philip Storey Anita P. Schadlu Jason Hsu CENTRAL RETINA VEIN OCCLUSION Background Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is caused by obstruction of retinal…

Endogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis Roy D. Brod Harry W. Flynn Jr. Darlene Miller Endogenous or blood-borne fungal infections of the inner eye remain an uncommon but serious cause of ocular inflammatory…

Congenital Fundus Abnormalities Eric Chen Mitchell S. Fineman Gary C. Brown Because most of the congenital fundus abnormalities are caused by interruptions in the orderly development of the eye, a…

Systemic Hypertension and the Eye Jaclyn L. Kovach Stephen G. Schwartz Susan Schneider Richard B. Rosen Introduction Systemic hypertension affects approximately 30% of adults. According to the seventh report by…

Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms Neal H. Atebara Retinal arterial macroaneurysms, first systematically studied by Robertson in 1973, are fusiform or saccular dilations of the retinal arteries, usually associated with systemic hypertension…

Intravenous Fluorescein Angiography Joseph I. Maguire Jay L. Federman Fluorescein angiography is a diagnostic technique used in the interpretation of ocular pathologic states. It allows the sequential visualization of blood…

Evaluation of the Posterior Chamber, Vitreous, and Retina with Ultrasound D. Jackson Coleman Ronald H. Silverman Harriet O. Lloyd Suzanne Daly Ultrasound is an essential tool for evaluation of the…