Nasal Pulmonary Interactions
Fig. 37.1 Potential mechanisms for interaction between the upper and lower airways: (1) loss of nasal conditioning function, (2) direct passage of inflammatory mediators and/or microorganisms between the upper and…
The Dry Nose
Fig. 12.2 Rhinitis sicca anterior with dry skin in the nasal vestibule and thin yellowish crusts 12.2 Etiology Possible causes of dry nose include a variety of diseases, external and…
Function of the Turbinates: Nasal Cycle
Fig. 21.1 (a–e) Swelling of inferior turbinate according to the nasal cycle in a healthy young man (parallel endoscopy using a 0° endoscope): (a) Decongested mucosa on the right and…
Vomeronasal Organ
T. Metin Önerci (ed.)Nasal Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Disorders201310.1007/978-3-642-37250-6_33© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 33. Vomeronasal Organ Cemal Cingi1, 2 , Aytuğ Altundağ3 and İsmail Koçak4 (1) Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey (2) Medical…
Nose as a Route for Drug Delivery
Drug (or drug candidate)/trade name Indications Status References Acyclovir Antiviral drug Under development Alsarra et al. (2008, 2010) and Pires et al. (2009) Atropine sulfate Treatment of peptide ulcer disease…
The Role of Eosinophils in Rhinologic Diseases
Fig. 8.1 (a) Electron microscopy of tissue eosinophil in CRS. Note the black arrow pointing to a characteristic secondary granule (transmission electron microscopy, original magnification ×7,000). (b) Electron microscopy of…
Testing of Transport, Measurement of Ciliary Activity
Fig. 28.1 (a) Schematic representation of a spheroid in suspension culture. (b) SEM picture of spheroid after 6 weeks in suspension These newly formed cilia do not express the acquired…
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Sneezing and Itching: Mechanisms of the Symptoms
(A) Rhinitis (B) Photic sneeze reflex (ACHOO syndrome) (C) Physical stimulations of the trigeminal nerve (D) Central nervous system pathologies (E) Psychogenic (intractable) sneezing (F) Snatiation* reflex (G) Sexual ideation…
Nutrition and the Upper Respiratory Tract
Study authors and n Type of study, vitamin D dosage, and duration of intervention Results Comment Aloia and Li-Ng (2007), n = 204 3-year RCT using 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 in…
The Neutrophil and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Fig. 7.1 Neutrophil on blood smear, Wright’s Giemsa stain. Original magnification 100 × oil immersion. Note the characteristic multi-segmented nucleus and mostly lilac-staining specific (secondary) granules and a few azurophilic primary granules….
