Branch Retinal Arteriolar Occlusion
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA The so-called branch retinal arteries are in fact arterioles [1] (see Chap….
Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA The cilioretinal artery was first described by Müller [1] in 1856. Its…
Ischemic Optic Neuropathies
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Ischemic optic neuropathy is one of the major causes of blindness or…
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) is relatively uncommon, but is a serious blinding…
Retinal Survival Time and Visual Outcome in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA For over 150 years, the characteristic ophthalmoscopic findings of central retinal artery…
Cotton-Wool Spots (Inner Retinal Ischemic Spots)
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Cotton-wool spots in malignant arterial hypertension have been known since Liebreich [1]…
Hemicentral Retinal Vein Occlusion
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA In 1980, I first described the clinical entity of hemicentral retinal vein…
Ophthalmic Manifestations of Carotid Artery Disease
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA The association of carotid artery disease with various serious ophthalmic disorders is…
The Ophthalmic Artery
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA The pioneer worker in the study of the ophthalmic artery, particularly its…
The Orbital Veins
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA The orbital venous system is complex, highly variable, and confusing. In the…
