Ento Key

Visual Fields in Glaucoma Jody R. Piltz-Seymour Tak Yee Tania Tai Sanjay Smith Stephen M. Drance THE NORMAL VISUAL FIELD The field of vision is defined as the area that…

The Optic Nerve in Glaucoma Douglas R. Anderson THE NORMAL RETINA AND OPTIC NERVE The approximately 1 to 1.5 million axons that form the optic nerve arise from the retinal…

Heredity and Glaucoma John Fingert INTRODUCTION The classic risk factors for the development of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) are age, race, family history, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). More…

Quantitative Measurement of the Optic Disc and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi Joseph Caprioli Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by a typical pattern of visual field loss and…

Tonometry, Tonography, and Aqueous Fluorophotometry Pratap Challa Leon W. Herndon David K. Dueker Tonometry Determination of the intraocular pressure (IOP) is a central feature in the diagnosis and management of…

Aqueous Humor Dynamics J. Cameron Millar B’Ann True Gabelt Paul L. Kaufman In the healthy eye, flow of aqueous humor against resistance generates an intraocular pressure of about 15 mmHg,…

Gonioscopy Ronald L. Fellman George L. Spaeth INTRODUCTION Routine gonioscopy is an essential component of vision care. It remains a tremendously valuable diagnostic and therapeutic adjunct to ophthalmic care and…

Anatomy of the Ciliary Body and Outflow Pathways Thomas F. Freddo Haiyan Gong An understanding of the glaucomas begins with an understanding of the anatomy of the structures related to…

Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Management of Glaucoma Irina V. Koreen Chirag Gupta Larry Koreen Sanjay Asrani Neelakshi Bhagat Joshua D. Stein BACKGROUND HISTORY OF OCT…