Orbital Histiocytic Tumors and Pseudotumors Orbital Juvenile Xanthogranuloma General Considerations Proliferative disorders of histiocytes comprise a spectrum, ranging from solitary benign inflammatory processes to widely disseminated lesions that exhibit malignant…
Orbital Lipomatous and Myxomatous Tumors Orbital Fat Prolapse General Considerations Weakening of the orbital septum with anterior displacement of orbital fat (“baggy eyelids”) is very common in older individuals. This…
Orbital Osseous, Fibro-osseous, and Cartilaginous Tumors Orbital Osteoma General Considerations The main tumors of bone are the benign osteoma and the malignant osteosarcoma (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23). Osteoma is the most common tumor…
Orbital Fibrous Connective Tissue Tumors Orbital Nodular Fasciitis and Fibroma Orbital Nodular Fasciitis General Considerations Nodular fasciitis is a benign nodular proliferation of connective tissue that usually involves superficial fascia…
Orbital Primary Melanocytic Tumors Orbital Melanoma Arising from Ocular Melanocytosis and Blue Nevus General Considerations Primary melanocytic orbital tumors include melanoma, melanocytic hamartoma, and melanotic neuroectodermal tumor (MNET) of infancy…
Orbital Vascular and Hemorrhagic Lesions Orbital Capillary Hemangioma General Considerations Capillary hemangioma (benign hemangioendothelioma; strawberry hemangioma) is an important cutaneous vascular tumor of childhood. In the ocular region, it usually…
Optic Nerve, Meningeal, and Other Neural Tumors Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Optic Nerve Glioma) General Considerations Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA; optic nerve glioma) is a well known and important…
Orbital Myogenic Tumors Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma General Considerations Tumors of skeletal muscle derivation that can develop in the orbit include rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and malignant rhabdoid tumor (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30). Tumors of smooth…
Orbital Peripheral Nerve Tumors Orbital Schwannoma (Neurilemoma) General Considerations Schwannoma (neurilemoma) is a benign, encapsulated tumor that arises from the Schwann cells that ensheath peripheral nerves. It can arise primarily…
Orbital Cystic Lesions Orbital Dermoid Cyst General Considerations Cystic lesions in the orbit are fairly common (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25). In the authors’ series of 1,264 orbital masses seen on the oncology service,…
