Iris Cecilia S. Jung Hans E. Grossniklaus Amy K. Hutchinson The iris functions as a diaphragm within the eye, separating the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. The structure…

Trigeminal Nerve Leo H. Wang Eric E. Kraus Craig H. Smith The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V [CN V]) is the main sensory nerve of the face responsible for tactile,…

The Optic Nerve in Glaucoma Douglas R. Anderson THE NORMAL RETINA AND OPTIC NERVE The approximately 1 million axons that form the optic nerve arise from the retinal ganglion cells…

Cataracts and Systemic Disease Anna K. Junk Donald A. Morris Cataracts are frequently found in association with other ocular pathology and may or may not be associated with systemic disease….

Management of Posterior Capsule in Pediatric Cataract Surgery Paolo Nucci Massimiliano Serafino M. Edward Wilson Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) caused by postoperative proliferation of cells in the capsular bag remains…

Superficial Keratectomy Kenneth R. Kenyon Dasa V. Gangadhar Leslie T. L. Pham Kenneth M. Goins Michael D. Wagoner Superficial keratectomy is the microsurgical removal of subepithelial fibrous membranes and/or anterior…

Conjunctival Flaps for Corneal Disease Paola de la Parra Alan Sugar Shahzad I. Mian The popularity of conjunctival flaps for the treatment of corneal disease has diminished with the increasing…

Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome Nick Mamalis Henry F. Edelhauser Zachary M. Bodnar Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is an acute, sterile postoperative anterior segment inflammation following any anterior segment surgery….

Toric Intraocular Lens Alignment Technologies Jonathan M. Pargament Robert H. Osher Astigmatism is a type of refractive error that is most commonly due to an increased radius of curvature along…

Screening: Relationship to Diagnosis and Therapy Ellen E. Freeman Gisèle Li OVERVIEW Although primary prevention is directed to averting the initial occurrence of disease, for example, through immunizations, secondary prevention…