Aspheric Lenses
Aspheric Lenses David Volk A spherical refracting surface is of constant curvature, ie, it has a specific radius of curvature. Any ophthalmic refracting surface other than a spherical refracting surface…
Theory and Practice of Spectacle Correction of Aniseikonia
Theory and Practice of Spectacle Correction of Aniseikonia Eleanore Z. Thill Aniseikonia, a term coined by Dr Walter Lancaster in 1932, is an anomaly of binocular vision in which the…
Video-Based Low-Vision Devices
Video-Based Low-Vision Devices Jennie Y. Kageyama Joseph L. Demer Steven D. Schwartz Melissa W. Chun Low-vision devices, whether optical or video based, facilitate visual function and mitigate limitations due to…
Vision Rehabilitation
Vision Rehabilitation Joel A. Kraut Low vision is increasingly a problem in our society today and will continue to be so in the future.1 Low vision refers to a range…
The Cross Cylinder
The Cross Cylinder Stuart E. Wunsh The invention of the cross cylinder can be traced back to the early 19th century. In 1837, the astronomer Sir George Biddle Airy1 made…
Prescribing Multifocal Lenses
Prescribing Multifocal Lenses James E. Sheedy Bret J. Andre Multifocal spectacle lenses are primarily used in the treatment of presbyopia. Secondary usages include treatment of esophoria and pre-presbyopic accommodative dysfunctions…
Glare and Contrast Sensitivity Testing
Glare and Contrast Sensitivity Testing Edmond H. Thall David Miller Humberto Salinas INTRODUCTION One of the most vexing clinical problems commonly encountered is the patient with vague but definite visual…
Retinoscopy
Retinoscopy Jonathan D. Wirtschafter Gary S. Schwartz Retinoscopy is the most practical, manual method of objective refraction. Classic textbooks of ophthalmology1 and visual optics2,3 have stressed that the practice of…
