Stem Cells and Glaucoma
Fig. 5.1 Summary graphic describing the stages of progenitor cell (blue) to retinal ganglion cell (green) transition, and the transcription factors and extrinsic, environmental signals known to be associated with…
Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Retinal Disease
Fig. 6.1 Diabetes is a vascular disease that can obliterate the capillary bed in the retina. Diabetic retinopathy begins with hemorrhages in the blood vessels around the retina (pictured above…
Stem Cell-Based Therapeutics in Ophthalmology: Application Toward the Design of Clinical Trials
Fig. 11.1 Normal electroretinogram (ERG) Tracings. The a-wave and b-wave are noted where applicable Safety Concerns The normal human eye is generally considered an immune-privileged organ, but one of the…
Stem Cells in Oculofacial Plastic Surgery
2. Schaffler A, Buchler C (2007) Concise review: adipose tissue-derived stromal cells–basic and clinical implications for novel cell-based therapies. Stem Cells 25(4):818–827PubMedCrossRef 3. Pittenger MF, Mackay AM, Beck SC et…
Current Ex-Vivo Gene Therapy Technologies and Future Developments
Fig. 10.1 Zinc Finger Nucleases introduce site-specific DNA double strand break and the damaged gene is replaced by homologous recombination containing desired gene and a selective marker To date, gene…
Cancer Stem Cells in Uveal Melanoma
Fig. 9.1 (a) Melanomasphere forming efficiency (MSFE) in non-adherent culture. Melanoma cells isolated from 16 primary tumours were grown in non-adherent culture in a complex medium at a density of…
Lens Differentiation from Embryonic Stem (ES) and Induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) Cells
Fig. 4.1 Diagrammatic summary of a three-step procedure to differentiate human ES cells into lens progenitor-like cells and lentoid bodies. (a) Diagram of three steps: noggin treatment (days 0–6), BMP4/BMP7/FGF2…
Uveal Tract
(1) Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Abstract The uveal tract comprises the iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid, each of which has distinct…
Optic Nerve
(1) Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Abstract This chapter will introduce the pathology of the optic nerve. Arteritis may result in ischemic damage to…
