Ento Key

n this chapter we share the experiences that drew us to harnessing plasma energy in the program that we refer to as “Fugo blade technology.” Much of what has come…

bstruction of the nasolacrimal duct results in disrupted outflow of tears, a condition commonly known as “epiphora.” Epiphora remains one of the most bothersome complications of lacrimal system obstruction and…

he anterior portion of the eyelid contains the lashes embedded in hair follicles. In some instances, a lash can point toward the eye. This condition is called “trichiasis.” Trichiasis without…

trabismus is a very common condition that often needs surgical treatment to make the eyes orthophoric, prevent amblyopia, and promote binocularity and stereopsis. In this surgery, the various rectus muscles…

arcinoma in situ represents the malignant end of the spectrum of conjunctival dysplasias. The lesion may undergo spontaneous regression. It may start anywhere in the conjunctiva and cornea, but often…

ysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, is the causative organism of cysticercosis. Humans are the intermediate hosts in this organism’s life cycle. Cysticercus cellulosae may…

Bitot’s spots are considered a sign of past or present vitamin A deficiency; however, some patients do not respond to vitamin therapy. Patients with Bitot’s spots appear with disfigured conjunctiva,…

tosis has many causes. One convenient classification is infantile ptosis and adult ptosis. Ptosis is an indication for conjunctival-route levator plication, whether the ptosis is mild, moderate, or severe. The…

n unusual-looking nodule at the limbus should always lead you to suspect a malignancy, and it must be removed in toto. It is important to achieve clean margins when removing…

acial palsy, which usually affects only one side of the face, is a primary indication for tarsorrhaphy. In facial palsy, the blink reflex is affected and the front surface of…