Normal Anatomy of the Macula
aThe marginal layer free from nuclei (not included) appears between the 4th and 5th wk, after which it disappears. In addition, the transient layer of Chievitz (not included) appears between…
Classification of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
FIGURE 6.1 A. Type 1 CNVM. Left. FA showing leakage of undetermined origin. Right. ICG angiography showing arteriolized pattern of choroidal neovascularization. B.Type 1 CNVM. Left. ICG angiography showing arteriolized…
Lucentis (Ranibizumab)
Figure 17.1 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a homodimeric glycoprotein that is secreted in response to hypoxia and ischemia. VEGF induces angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Arrows show the binding…
Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Figure 12.1 Optical diagram of the fundus spectrophotometer. EA, confocal excitation; DA, detection apertures; S, shutters; IR, infrared. A fundus camera with a bandpass filter from 535 to 580 nm…
Radiation for the Treatment of Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Adapted from Finger PT, Berson A, Ng T, Szechter A. Ophthalmic plaque radiotherapy for age-related macular degeneration associated with subretinal neovascularization. Am J Ophthalmol. 1999;127(2):170–177. Tear Film Disruption Studies have…
Artificial Vision, Retinal Implants, and Implantable Telescope
Figure 26.1 Light is transmitted through the anterior segment of the eye to reach the posterior elements and reaches the electrodes at either the subretinal or epiretinal layer. Sakaguchi and…
Optical Coherence Tomography
Figure 13.1 Spectral-domain OCT image demonstrating location of retinal layers in a healthy subject. Note black arrows denoting nerve fiber layer, inner plexiform layer, outer plexiform layer, external limiting membrane,…
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Figure 7.1 Representative images of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Pigment epithelial detachment (A) and subretinal hemorrhage (B) are common manifestations. C. Subretinal lipid is often observed. D. In some patients,…
