Acquired pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis almost always results from prolonged intubation for prematurity. An understanding of the process by which this occurs helps in prevention and treatment. Before deciding to perform…
Laryngeal clefts are rare congenital anomalies, first described in 1792 by Richter, that allow communication between the tracheal and esophageal axis. The incidence is 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 births,…
Subglottic hemangioma is a rare condition that can be potentially life threatening because of airway obstruction. It is common for subglottic hemangioma to be misdiagnosed as croup initially. Infants with…
Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in children with its many causes presents a challenging problem to the pediatric otolaryngologist. Traditionally, management of bilateral vocal cord paralysis includes securing the airway with…
Congenital subglottic stenosis is rare and as a consequence may not be considered in children experiencing respiratory difficulty at birth. Diagnosis after a child already is intubated complicates the recognition…
Anterior laryngeal webs can be congenital or acquired and occur secondary to a surgical procedure, intubation, or infection. Clinical presentation can include vocal and respiratory symptoms. The first step in…
Laryngomalacia is the most common laryngeal anomaly and cause of stridor in newborns. Up to 20% of infants with laryngomalacia present with life-threatening disease that necessitates surgical management in the…
In the early twentieth century, John Winslow wrote that there was no more difficulty in laryngology than treating chronic stenosis of the larynx and trachea. Winslow described cases as “excessively…
Reoperative surgery for hyperparathyroidism is associated with increased incidence of complications including vocal cord paralysis, permanent hypoparathyroidism, and persistent hypercalcemia. Surgical re-exploration should consist of symptomatic or low-risk patients. The…
High-output chylous leak beyond 5 to 7 days of conservative medical treatment should be treated promptly to avoid the risk for nutritional and imunologic depletion. Given the effectiveness and low…
