Ento Key

Neuro-Ophthalmology 10.1 ANISOCORIA Eyelid position and extraocular motility MUST be evaluated when anisocoria is present (see Figure 10.1.1). FIGURE 10.1.1. Flow diagram for the work-up of anisocoria. (Modified from Thompson…

Uveitis 12.1 ANTERIOR UVEITIS (IRITIS/IRIDOCYCLITIS) Symptoms Acute: Pain, redness, photophobia, consensual photophobia (pain in the affected eye when a light is shone in the fellow eye), excessive tearing, decreased vision….

Glaucoma 9.1 PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMA Symptoms Usually asymptomatic until the later stages. Early symptoms may include parts of a page missing. Tunnel vision and loss of central fixation typically do…

Pediatrics 8.1 LEUKOCORIA Definition A white pupillary reflex (see Figure 8.1.1). FIGURE 8.1.1. Leukocoria. Etiology Retinoblastoma: A malignant tumor of the retina that appears as a white, nodular mass that…

Trauma 3.1 CHEMICAL BURN Treatment should be instituted IMMEDIATELY, even before testing vision, unless an open globe is suspected. NOTE: This includes alkali (e.g., lye, cements, plasters, airbag powder, bleach,…

Eyelid 6.1 PTOSIS Symptoms Drooping upper eyelid, visual loss often worse with reading and at night. Signs (See Figure 6.1.1.) FIGURE 6.1.1. Ptosis. Critical. Drooping upper eyelid. Other. Concerning associated…

Orbit 7.1 ORBITAL DISEASE This section provides a framework to evaluate a variety of orbital diseases. Symptoms Eyelid swelling, bulging eye(s), and double vision are common. Pain and decreased vision…

Conjunctiva/Sclera/Iris/External Disease 5.1 ACUTE CONJUNCTIVITIS Symptoms “Red eye” (conjunctival hyperemia), discharge, eyelids sticking or crusting (worse in the morning), foreign body sensation, <4-week duration of symptoms (otherwise, see 5.2, Chronic…

General Ophthalmic Problems 13.1 ACQUIRED CATARACT Symptoms Slowly progressive visual loss or blurring, usually over months to years, affecting one or both eyes. Glare, particularly from oncoming headlights while driving…

Imaging Modalities in Ophthalmology 14.1 PLAIN FILMS Description Images of radiopaque tissues obtained by exposure of special photographic plates to ionizing radiation. Uses in Ophthalmology May be used to identify…