Orbital Primary Melanocytic Tumors Orbital Melanoma Arising from Ocular Melanocytosis and Blue Nevus General Considerations Primary melanocytic orbital tumors include melanoma, melanocytic hamartoma, and melanotic neuroectodermal tumor (MNET) of infancy…
Orbital Vascular and Hemorrhagic Lesions Orbital Capillary Hemangioma General Considerations Capillary hemangioma (benign hemangioendothelioma; strawberry hemangioma) is an important cutaneous vascular tumor of childhood. In the ocular region, it usually…
Optic Nerve, Meningeal, and Other Neural Tumors Optic Nerve Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma (Optic Nerve Glioma) General Considerations Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma (JPA; optic nerve glioma) is a well known and important…
Orbital Myogenic Tumors Orbital Rhabdomyosarcoma General Considerations Tumors of skeletal muscle derivation that can develop in the orbit include rhabdomyoma, rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and malignant rhabdoid tumor (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30). Tumors of smooth…
Orbital Peripheral Nerve Tumors Orbital Schwannoma (Neurilemoma) General Considerations Schwannoma (neurilemoma) is a benign, encapsulated tumor that arises from the Schwann cells that ensheath peripheral nerves. It can arise primarily…
Orbital Cystic Lesions Orbital Dermoid Cyst General Considerations Cystic lesions in the orbit are fairly common (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25). In the authors’ series of 1,264 orbital masses seen on the oncology service,…
Inflammatory Lesions That Simulate Neoplasms Thyroid-Related Ophthalmopathy General Considerations There are a number of orbital inflammatory processes that are important in the differential diagnosis of orbital tumors. The most important…
Conjunctiva Melanocytic Lesions Conjunctival Melanocytic Nevus General Considerations Nevus is the most common melanocytic conjunctival tumor (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34). In the authors’ clinical series of 1,643 conjunctival tumors, there were 454 nevi,…
Miscellaneous Lesions tha Simulate Conjunctival Neoplasms Conjunctival Epithelial Inclusion General Considerations Several primary cystic lesions can occur in the conjunctiva (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13). Although conjunctival epithelial inclusion cyst is a very common…
Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors Surgical Management of Conjunctival Tumors It is important that malignant or potentially malignant conjunctival tumors be completely removed with as little manipulation as possible. The…
