Ento Key

Metabolic Alex V. Levin Thomas W. Wilson J. Raymond Buncic Diseases of metabolism are classified according to the type of substance accumulated or absent due to an error in enzyme…

Neurologic Alex V. Levin Thomas W. Wilson J. Raymond Buncic During embryogenesis, the brain and many ocular structures are derived from neuroectoderm. Therefore, many structural abnormalities of the brain will…

Hematology Alex V. Levin Thomas W. Wilson David Smith Abnormalities in the hematologic system will often have associated ocular diseases or findings. All four major components of the blood (serum,…

Renal Alex V. Levin Thomas W. Wilson Andrew Budning Many diseases have both ocular and renal abnormalities. Metabolic disorders including cystinosis (Chapter 20: Metabolic, Figs. 20.1 and 20.2) and Fabry…

Child Abuse Alex V. Levin Child abuse is often categorized into four subgroups: physical abuse, sexual abuse, child neglect, and emotional abuse. All types of child abuse may have ocular…

Pulmonary Alex V. Levin Thomas W. Wilson Stephen Kraft Few pulmonary disorders have ophthalmic manifestations. In addition to sarcoidosis, the focus of this chapter, patients with asthma may have signs…

Psychiatric Alex V. Levin Thomas W. Wilson Psychiatric illnesses and ophthalmic disorders can be associated in three different patterns: (a) psychiatric diseases causing ophthalmic disease; (b) ophthalmic diseases causing emotional…

Vitamins Alex V. Levin Thomas W. Wilson Elise Héon Vitamins, minerals, and metals are critical for the maintenance of ocular health and are required for the visual process. Many imbalances…

Cornea Alex V. Levin Thomas W. Wilson David Rootman Jerome Kazdan The cornea develops from surface ectoderm (corneal epithelium) and neural crest cells (corneal stroma and endothelium). Developmental anomalies can…

Gastrointestinal Alex V. Levin Thomas W. Wilson Stephen P During development, neural crest migration to form the gastrointestinal tract and many of the ocular tissues occurs at similar times of…