Malignant Laryngeal Tumours
43 Malignant Laryngeal Tumours 43.1 Squamous Carcinoma (Fig. 43.1) • 1% of all malignancies in British men • 85% of all laryngeal malignancies • 3 to 4 male: 1 female…
Deep Neck Space Infection
55 Deep Neck Space Infection 55.1 Sites • Retropharynx • Parapharyngeal • Anterior deep neck 55.2 Anatomy • Fascial layers: Fascial compartments are potential spaces between fascial planes Superficial and…
Benign Thyroid Disease
49 Benign Thyroid Disease 49.1 Clinical Features • Multinodular, simple (smoothly enlarged), retrosternal goitres • Increased where iodine is deficient • Long-standing may develop clinical or subclinical thyrotoxicosis • Symptoms…
Vocal Fold Palsy
44 Vocal Fold Palsy 44.1 Anatomy of Vagus/Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve • Brainstem—medulla nucleus ambiguus • Carotid sheath—between internal jugular vein and internal carotid artery • Left vagus crossing arch of…
Tumours of the Ear and Skin
11 Tumours of the Ear and Skin 11.1 Incidence and Site • Tumours of the ear are rare: ~70% pinna, 20% external auditory canal (EAC), 10% middle ear (ME) 11.2…
Sinonasal Anatomy and Physiology
21 Sinonasal Anatomy and Physiology 21.1 Nasal Septum 21.1.1 Structure • Quadrilateral cartilage • Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid • Vomer • Maxillary crest 21.1.2 Blood Supply • Facial artery—labial…
Audiology—Terminology and Tests
14 Audiology—Terminology and Tests 14.1 Decibels and Decibel Scales • Subjective loudness is proportional to equal multiples of sound intensity • Bel = log10 (sound intensity/intensity reference (10–12 W/m2); 10…
