Fig. 12.1 Globe dystopia after aggressive anterior orbital floor decompression Thus we choose to avoid opening the medial wall anterior to the anterior ethmoidal foramen and the floor anterior to…
First “wall”: Orbital fat 2–3 mm Second wall: Lateral wall 3–6 mm Third wall: Medial wall 4–7 mm Fourth wall: Orbital floor 5–9 mm Fig. 11.1 General conceptual frameworks for…
Overall ophthalmic outcome 1. Improvement in one eye of at least one of the following measures, without worsening in any of these measures in either eye (a) Eyelid aperture reduction…
Fig. 10.1 Histologic appearance of extraocular muscle in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (hematoxylin and eosin). The focal and perivascular interstitial inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrate is in close association with intact striated extraocular…
Fig. 9.1 (a) A 48-year-old female with severe inflammatory TED. (b) Same patient following rehabilitative orbital decompression surgery Orbital decompression appears successful in improving visual functioning in a majority of…
Name of instrument Number of items Subscales/categories Example(s) of use in TED patients Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 12, 20, or 36, depending on the form that is used (e.g., Short…
Fig. 7.1 Number of male genomes detected per 100,000 female genomes in the thyroid of women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, nodular goiter, and normal thyroid [9]. Reprinted with permission from Bioscientifica…
Fig. 2.1 (a) Young female with proptosis and bilateral upper lid retraction and lacrimal gland prolapse. (b) Axial computerized tomography (CT) scan of same patient showing marked proptosis from fat…
Fig. 3.1 (a) Similar spindle-shaped phenotypes among orbital fibroblasts, dermal fibroblasts, and fibrocytes (hematoxylin and eosin, ×20). (b) Fibrocytes from individuals with GD display cell surface receptor CD34. (1) Immunofloresence…
Fig. 5.1 Graves’ ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease (TED) (red circle) occurs in 90 % of patients in conjunction with Graves’ hyperthyroidism, but 10 % is euthyroid or hypothyroid. Patients…
