Ento Key

19 Vibratory Asymmetry Adam D. Rubin and Cristina Jackson-Menaldi The evaluation of a patient with hoarseness begins with the clinician listening to the patient’s voice. As soon as the patient…

18 Decreased Vibratory Amplitude C. Blake Simpson The amplitude of vocal fold vibration is defined as the degree of horizontal displacement of the vocal folds during vibratory activity as viewed…

3 Laryngeal Physiology Murtaza T. Ghadiali and Gerald S. Berke A thorough understanding of laryngeal physiology provides the foundation for the interpretation of laryngeal imaging in the evaluation of patients…

16 Normal Vocal Fold Vibratory Amplitude and Mucosal Wave Heather Shaw Bonilha Amplitude of Vibration Amplitude of vibration can be defined as the extent of lateral movement of each vocal…

25 Spasmodic Dysphonia and Muscle Tension Dysphonia Gayle E. Woodson Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) and muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) are voice disorders that disrupt speech and can sound very similar.1,2 The…

15 Normal Vocal Fold Symmetry and Phase Characteristics Donna S. Lundy and Mario A. Landera Vocal characteristics and qualities are determined by fine-tuning the vocal fold vibratory patterns during phonation….

6 Normal Laryngeal Variability Rebecca J. Leonard There is ample evidence of variability in the “normal” larynx. Investigators using a broad array of investigative techniques directed toward either structure or…

4 Indirect Laryngoscopy Katherine A. Kendall Prior to the introduction of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopes in the mid-1980s, indirect laryngoscopy was the most important clinical tool for viewing the larynx and…

7 Flexible Laryngoscopy Yolanda D. Heman-Ackah Flexible laryngoscopy is performed to gain a dynamic assessment of the larynx during phonation. It can serve as a useful adjunct to rigid and…