White Lesions
Increased thickness of the epithelium imparts a white appearance to the oral mucosa by increasing the distance to the underlying blood vessels. Usually this thickening is a result of the…
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, immune-mediated condition commonly affecting middle-aged women. The cause of OLP remains obscure. Strict clinical and histologic criteria need to be met to arrive…
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common oral ulcerative disease, affecting 10% to 15% of the general US population. This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical presentations of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, including…
Oral Infections and Antibiotic Therapy
Oral infections commonly originate from an odontogenic source in adults and from tonsil and lymphatic sources in children. Odontogenic infections arise from advanced dental caries or periodontal disease. Oral trauma,…
Oral Manifestations of Smokeless Tobacco Use
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) has been smoked, chewed, and inhaled in various forms for hundreds of years. The primary oral, mucosal, and hard tissue changes associated with SLT use include SLT…
History and Physical Examination, Screening and Diagnostic Testing
The oral medicine specialist and oral pathologist are the disciplined subspecialists in dentistry who deal with oral disease and related systemic conditions. Dental colleagues are an invaluable resource for the…
Appendix: PATIENT QUESTIONNAIRES Dizziness/Vertigo
Because patients presenting with dizziness can harbor serious, if not life-threatening, conditions, several experts from this publication have provided sample patient questionnaires to guide the physician to better examine, diagnose,…
Vestibular Rehabilitation of Older Adults with Dizziness
The role of rehabilitation for treatment of older adults with dizziness and balance disorders is reviewed. Theories related to functional recovery from peripheral and central vestibular disorders are presented. Suggestions…
Ménière’s Disease: A Challenging and Relentless Disorder
Ménière’s disease (MD) is characterized by episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss and tinnitus, and by the presence of endolymphatic hydrops on postmortem examination. This disease continues to be a diagnostic…
Medication-Related Dizziness in the Older Adult
With increased medication use among the older adult population, adverse drug events and polypharmacy can be significant causes of dizziness in the elderly. The evidence evaluated in this review is…
