Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Growing Nasal Skeleton
Fig. 35.1 The facial profile of a 3-month-old boy (a) and his father (b). Proportional differences between the facial and brain skull of father and son. The baby face shows…
New Measurement Methods in the Diagnostic of Nasal Obstruction
Fig. 27.1 Graphic representation of the findings from RRM. Right side of the nose, red; left, blue. Light-colored curves: before decongestion of the mucosa. Dark-colored curves: after decongestion of the…
Electron Microscopy and the Nose
Fig. 31.1 Diagram of standard transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing major components: 1 electron optical column, 2 electron gun, 3 magnetic lenses, 4 magnetic coil,…
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Nasal Breathing
Fig. 20.1 Flow paths in a tube with laminar flow (ΔP = friction-related pressure loss, = flow velocity) Fig. 20.2 Flow paths in a tube with a constriction with laminar flow (ΔP = friction-related pressure…
Physiologic Concerns During Rhinoplasty
Fig. 36.1 Report from CNN (Cable News Network) Food and Health May 1996 claiming that one in five “nose jobs” (rhinoplasty operations) needs to be “fixed” again because of a…
Physiology: Rhinomanometry
Fig. 25.1 Shows a plot of pressure and flow during respiration. As the patient inspires, the curves go downward showing a decrease in pressure and the corresponding movement of air…
Macrophage
Fig. 6.1 The mechanisms of host defense system from innate to adaptive immunity. PMN polymorphonuclear cells, CTL cytotoxic lymphocytes, Mo macrophages, DC dendritic cells 6.1.3 Recruitment of Macrophages into Peripheral…
The Nasal Valves
Fig. 22.1 Anatomy of the nasal valve 22.3.1.2 What Is the External Nasal Valve? The “external nasal valve” is located in the nasal vestibule, and it is an area bound…
Acoustic Rhinometry
Fig. 26.1 Acoustic rhinometry equipment (Rhinoscan SRE 2000, Interacoustics A/S, Assens, DK) Fig. 26.2 Schematic representation of an acoustic rhinometry circuit The changes in cross-sectional area of the airway affect…
Assessment of Olfactory Function
Identification tests Thresholds tests Identification and threshold tests Identification, threshold, and discrimination tests University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) (Doty et al. 1984) T&T olfactometer (Takagi 1987) Connecticut Chemosensory…
