Physiology: Rhinomanometry
Fig. 25.1 Shows a plot of pressure and flow during respiration. As the patient inspires, the curves go downward showing a decrease in pressure and the corresponding movement of air…
Macrophage
Fig. 6.1 The mechanisms of host defense system from innate to adaptive immunity. PMN polymorphonuclear cells, CTL cytotoxic lymphocytes, Mo macrophages, DC dendritic cells 6.1.3 Recruitment of Macrophages into Peripheral…
The Nasal Valves
Fig. 22.1 Anatomy of the nasal valve 22.3.1.2 What Is the External Nasal Valve? The “external nasal valve” is located in the nasal vestibule, and it is an area bound…
Acoustic Rhinometry
Fig. 26.1 Acoustic rhinometry equipment (Rhinoscan SRE 2000, Interacoustics A/S, Assens, DK) Fig. 26.2 Schematic representation of an acoustic rhinometry circuit The changes in cross-sectional area of the airway affect…
Assessment of Olfactory Function
Identification tests Thresholds tests Identification and threshold tests Identification, threshold, and discrimination tests University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) (Doty et al. 1984) T&T olfactometer (Takagi 1987) Connecticut Chemosensory…
Nose and Sleep Breathing Disorders
Fig. 23.1 Anatomy of the external nose The diameter of the valve influences directly the velocity of the airflow. On gentle inspiration, the nasal valve is usually patent. During deep…
Nasal Defensive Proteins: Distribution and a Biological Function
Substance Common sources Chemical composition Activity Lysozyme Serum, saliva, tears Protein Bacterial cell lysis Complement Serum Protein-carbohydrate lipoprotein complex Cell death or lysis of bacteria; participates in inflammation Basic proteins…
Pathophysiology of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obesity High body mass index. Central or visceral obesity is quite important. Predisposing factors: abdominal circumference >94 cm in men and >80 cm in women; neck circumference >40 cm Gender…
Computational Fluid Dynamics of the Nasal Cavity
Fig. 19.1 Pressure loss over mass flux; Reynolds numbers indicating turbulent conditions 19.2.3 Virtual Reality-Based Visualization of Flow Simulation Results Visualization is a fundamental ingredient for gaining insights into the…
Nanomedicine and the Nose
Fig. 39.1 Thin-film electrodes process to the sound from 128 different channels in comparison to standard 16–22 channel implants (Source: http://www.engadget.com/2006/02/09/new-type-of-cochlear-implant-to-improve-hearing/) 39.4.1.3 Design an Artificial Nose (Nanonose) One of the…
