Primary hyperthyroidism • Graves’ disease • Toxic multinodular goiter • Toxic adenoma • Amiodarone, iodine excess • Ingestion of excess thyroid hormone (thyrotoxicosis factitia) or thyroid tissue • Subacute thyroiditis…
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA The posterior ciliary arteries (PCAs) supply the choroid and the optic nerve…
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA In 1855, Liebreich [1] first described the clinical picture of retinal vein…
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Arterial hypertension is a common systemic disease. In the middle-aged and elderly…
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA The central retinal artery (CRA) is the primary source of blood supply…
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA The ocular circulation is supplied by two sets of arteries. The central…
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Anterior segment ischemia is not a common disorder but it can result…
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Retinal vein occlusion is a well-known clinical entity, but there is no…
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Leber [1] in 1903 first wrote the classical description of the vascular…
(1) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) has been known as a clinical entity…
