Nutrition and Supplements in Thyroid Eye Disease
Overall ophthalmic outcome 1. Improvement in one eye of at least one of the following measures, without worsening in any of these measures in either eye (a) Eyelid aperture reduction…
Strabismus in Thyroid Eye Disease
Fig. 10.1 Histologic appearance of extraocular muscle in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (hematoxylin and eosin). The focal and perivascular interstitial inflammatory mononuclear cell infiltrate is in close association with intact striated extraocular…
Psychological Disturbances in Thyroid Eye Disease
Name of instrument Number of items Subscales/categories Example(s) of use in TED patients Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 12, 20, or 36, depending on the form that is used (e.g., Short…
Management of Severe Thyroid Eye Disease and Use of Biological Agents
Fig. 9.1 (a) A 48-year-old female with severe inflammatory TED. (b) Same patient following rehabilitative orbital decompression surgery Orbital decompression appears successful in improving visual functioning in a majority of…
Pregnancy and Childhood Thyroid Eye Disease
Fig. 7.1 Number of male genomes detected per 100,000 female genomes in the thyroid of women with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, nodular goiter, and normal thyroid [9]. Reprinted with permission from Bioscientifica…
Natural History of Thyroid Eye Disease
Fig. 2.1 (a) Young female with proptosis and bilateral upper lid retraction and lacrimal gland prolapse. (b) Axial computerized tomography (CT) scan of same patient showing marked proptosis from fat…
Emerging Role of Fibrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Thyroid Eye Disease
Fig. 3.1 (a) Similar spindle-shaped phenotypes among orbital fibroblasts, dermal fibroblasts, and fibrocytes (hematoxylin and eosin, ×20). (b) Fibrocytes from individuals with GD display cell surface receptor CD34. (1) Immunofloresence…
Smoking and Prevention of Thyroid Eye Disease
Fig. 5.1 Graves’ ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease (TED) (red circle) occurs in 90 % of patients in conjunction with Graves’ hyperthyroidism, but 10 % is euthyroid or hypothyroid. Patients…
Medical Management of Mild and Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Raymond S. Douglas, Allison N. McCoy and Shivani Gupta (eds.)Thyroid Eye Disease10.1007/978-1-4939-1746-4_8 8. Medical Management of Mild and Moderate to Severe Thyroid Eye Disease Lucy Clarke1 and Petros Perros2 (1) Newcastle Eye…
Management of Hyperthyroidism in the Setting of Thyroid Eye Disease
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Raymond S. Douglas, Allison N. McCoy and Shivani Gupta (eds.)Thyroid Eye Disease10.1007/978-1-4939-1746-4_4 4. Management of Hyperthyroidism in the Setting of Thyroid Eye Disease Fatemeh Rajaii1 , Shivani Gupta1 and Raymond S. Douglas1 (1) Division of…
