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Endogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis Roy D. Brod Harry W. Flynn Jr. Darlene Miller Endogenous or blood-borne fungal infections of the inner eye remain an uncommon but serious cause of ocular inflammatory…

Systemic Hypertension and the Eye Jaclyn L. Kovach Stephen G. Schwartz Susan Schneider Richard B. Rosen Introduction Systemic hypertension affects approximately 30% of adults. According to the seventh report by…

Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms Neal H. Atebara Retinal arterial macroaneurysms, first systematically studied by Robertson in 1973, are fusiform or saccular dilations of the retinal arteries, usually associated with systemic hypertension…

Intravenous Fluorescein Angiography Joseph I. Maguire Jay L. Federman Fluorescein angiography is a diagnostic technique used in the interpretation of ocular pathologic states. It allows the sequential visualization of blood…

Evaluation of the Posterior Chamber, Vitreous, and Retina with Ultrasound D. Jackson Coleman Ronald H. Silverman Harriet O. Lloyd Suzanne Daly Ultrasound is an essential tool for evaluation of the…

Indocyanine Green Angiography Eric D. Weichel Carl D. Regillo Joseph I. Maguire Because of the limitations of fluorescein angiography (FA) in imaging the choroidal circulation and associated pathology, investigators have…

Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Human Retina Ann H. Milam Julie E. Smith Sinoj K. John The term retina derives from the Latin word rete, meaning “net.” This name…

Molecular Physiology and Pathology of the Retina Stephen H. Tsang Peter Gouras We have made great progress over the past decade in understanding both the mechanism of phototransduction and the…

Orbital Fractures Grant D. Gilliland Dale R. Meyer Fractures of the orbit are seen in a significant number of patients who have blunt trauma to the face and skull. The…

Secondary Orbital Tumors Jill S. Melicher Larson Yian Jin Jones Jeffrey A. Nerad Secondary orbital tumors extend to the orbit from adjacent and contiguous structures, such as the periorbital sinuses,…