Topical and Systemic Antiviral Agents Steven A. Teich Tony W. Cheung Antiviral chemotherapy has lagged behind the development of antibiotics for bacterial infections. Because bacteria are relatively complex self-replicating organisms,…
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Allan J. Flach The term nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been applied to clycooxygenase inhibitors (COIs) that are useful for the prevention and treatment of several commonly…
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics Joel S. Mindel HISTORY Local anesthesia became a reality with the introduction of cocaine. Cocaine is an alkaloid found in coca bush leaves and first isolated…
Congenital Anomalies Tatyana Milman Introduction Congenital anomalies are defects present at birth. The frequency of congenital ocular malformations has been estimated to be up to 6.8 per 10,000 live births.1,2…
Systemically and Topically Administered Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Glaucoma Janet B. Serle Milan P. Ranka Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) have been used to treat glaucoma since 1954,…
Pathology of the Uvea P. Kumar Rao The uvea is the pigmented vascular middle layer of the eye, lying between the sclera and neuroepithelium. It consists of three parts: the…
Pathology of Glaucoma Christine E. Callahan Joseph W. Sassani The glaucomas are a diverse group of disorders that cause a characteristic optic neuropathy, resulting in loss of neuroretinal rim tissue,…
Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics and their Applications in Cataract Surgery Adeela Malik PHARMACOLOGY OF LOCAL ANESTHETICS Local anesthetics are used extensively for ophthalmic,1 cutaneous,2,3 and dental4 anesthesia techniques. Modern synthetic…
Pharmacology of Ocular β-Adrenoreceptor Antagonists Paul S. Lee MD Daniel A. Chruscicki MD Prior to the introduction of prostaglandin analogues in the treatment of glaucoma, the most commonly used topical…
