Contact lens wear, especially extended-wear soft lenses Corneal trauma, foreign bodies Ocular surface disease (e.g., exposure/neurotrophic keratopathy, chronic bullous keratopathy, dry eye syndrome, trichiasis, distichiasis, entropion) Topical immunosuppressive therapy (e.g.,…
Visually significant lens opacity Rarely, a cataract causing intraocular inflammation and/or glaucoma Surgical Technique Anesthesia: topical or local Extracapsular method: An incision is made near the limbus, an anterior capsulotomy…
Staphylococcal infection, acne rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis Symptoms Burning, itching, discomfort, foreign-body sensation, tearing, crusting, mild discharge, fluctuation in vision Signs Associated atopic and seborrheic dermatitis, and ocular rosacea Hyperemia, telangiectasias,…
Autosomal recessive condition caused by a deficiency of the enzyme ceruloplasmin Onset under age 40 years Symptoms Usually no ocular symptoms May experience cirrhosis, renal disease, or neurologic dysfunction (typically…
EBM dystrophy is due to an abnormality of production of epithelial basement membrane that extends into the epithelium, leading to multiple basement membranes in the corneal epithelium. Trapped epithelial cells…
Ultraviolet exposure Chronic dryness and hot, dusty environment These factors lead to elastotic degeneration of the substantia propria of the conjunctiva, resulting in subepithelial proliferation of fibrovascular tissue, initially on…
Infant horizontal corneal diameter less than 10 mm; adult horizontal corneal diameter less than 11 mm (Fig. 3-1) Shallow anterior chamber, angle-closure or open-angle glaucoma, corneal flattening, and hyperopia May…
Corneal arcus is a very common, bilateral condition that may be either age-related (arcus senilis) or associated with hyperlipidemia in younger individuals (arcus lipoides). Lipid deposits begin inferiorly, then superiorly,…
Idiopathic Collagen vascular diseases Rosacea Gout Herpes zoster, herpes simplex, syphilis Symptoms Acute onset of redness, mild irritation, tearing, rarely, pain Signs Simple episcleritis Sectorial or diffuse hyperemia, primarily involving…
