Ento Key

The Corneal Dystrophies Glenn C. Cockerham Kenneth R. Kenyon Corneal dystrophies typically exhibit a familial pattern, are bilateral and generally symmetric, and are not known to be caused by environmental…

Cornea and Systemic Diseases Farnaz Memarzadeh Samuel C. Yiu Ronald E. Smith Pathologic changes in the cornea are associated with a wide variety of systemic diseases. In some instances, these…

The Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease Michael A. Lemp Gary N. Foulks Dry eye has been a subject of great interest affecting many people throughout the world. This…

Lacrimal Drainage System Myron Tanenbaum Clinton D. McCord Jr. A clinician’s approach to lacrimal disorders should be logical and organized. Just as neurologic disorders must be carefully localized, so too…

Bullous Diseases of the Skin and Mucous Membranes Sophie X. Deng Anthony J. Aldave Nirit Bourla John A. Hovanesian Uwe Pleyer Bartly J. Mondino Bullous diseases of the skin and…

Tumors of the Conjunctiva and Cornea Carol L. Shields Jerry A. Shields Supported by the Eye Tumor Research Foundation, Inc., Philadelphia, PA. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS Tumors of the conjunctiva and cornea…

Therapeutic Hydrogel Bandage Lenses W. Barry Lee Therapeutic contact lens use has been present for over a century with early descriptions in 1886 of gelatine shields used as bandage lenses…

Giant Papillary Conjunctivitis E. Lee Stock David M. Meisler Renee Yang Giant papillary conjunctivitis (GPC), first described by Spring1 in 1974, is an inflammatory disorder of the external eye characterized…

Follicular Conjunctivitis Uday Bhatt Ruby Lagnado Harminder Singh Dua DEFINITIONS Follicles A follicle is a nonspecific conjunctival response to chronic irritation: mechanical, chemical, or microbial. Conjunctival follicles do not appear…

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis E. Lee Stock David M. Meisler Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic and debilitating external ocular disease. The name itself reflects two aspects of the disease. Vernal means…