The Ciliary Body
The Ciliary Body Ann Barker-Griffith Barbara W. Streeten Michael Fikhman Justin Gutman The functions of the ciliary body are among the most diverse of any ocular tissue, since it secretes…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
The Conjunctiva–Structure and Function
The Conjunctiva–Structure and Function Darlene A. Dartt INTRODUCTION The conjunctiva is a thin, semitransparent mucous membrane that covers the posterior surface of the eyelids and is then reflected onto the…
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Retina
Functional Neuroanatomy of the Retina Robert E. Marc Prologue In the eight years since Dr. Paul Witkovsky reviewed retinal anatomy and function for this series, a sea change has occurred….
Anatomy of the Zonular Apparatus
Anatomy of the Zonular Apparatus Barbara W. Streeten The zonular apparatus is a three-dimensional complex of microfibrils identical to the microfibrils of the elastic system in the rest of the…
Anatomy of the Visual Sensory System
Anatomy of the Visual Sensory System Alfredo A. Sadun Joel S. Glaser Swaraj Bose The human primary visual sensory system comprises the retina, optic nerves, optic chiasm, optic tracts, lateral…
Trigeminal Nerve
Trigeminal Nerve Eric E. Kraus Craig H. Smith ANATOMY GASSERIAN GANGLION AND BRAINSTEM NUCLEI The trigeminal nerve contains both a sensory and a motor root. The cell bodies of the…
The Tear Film
The Tear Film Erin Peters Kathryn Colby INTRODUCTION The tear film is an exceedingly complex structure, the intricacies of which are not yet completely understood. There has been tremendous growth…
Facial Nerve
Facial Nerve Eric E. Kraus Craig H. Smith EMBRYOLOGY The facial nerve is formed from elements of the second (hyoid) branchial arch, which supplies its motor and sensory components. The…
Eye Movements
Eye Movements R. John Leigh Janet C. Rucker A grasp of the properties of eye movements is indispensable to practicing ophthalmologists. Abnormal eye movements often provide diagnostic clues and sometimes…
