19 Lid Reanimation with the Palpebral Spring Robert E. Levine The inability to close the eye (lagophthalmos) or to blink leads to serious corneal complications, including chronic ocular discomfort, corneal…

4 Orbital Blowout Fractures Robert C. Kersten DEFINITION The term blowout fracture of the orbit refers to a fracture of an orbital wall, typically the orbital floor or medial wall,…

13Asian Blepharoplasty Don Liu To perform a blepharoplasty successfully on Asian patients, the surgeon must take into consideration the following points: What does the patient perceive as beautiful? Does the…

26 Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy David T. Tse Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy (CDCR) is a lacrimal bypass procedure designed to circumvent stenosis or obstruction of the canalicular system by establishing a drainage conduit between the lacrimal…

Gold Weight Lid Load Don Liu SURGICAL INDICATIONS The facial nerve or its branches may be injured by trauma, surgery, tumor, stroke, infection, and idiopathic causes. This results in inability…

1 Surgical Anatomy of the Eyelids and Orbit Marcos T. Doxanas Appreciation of eyelid and orbital anatomy has dramatically changed our surgical approaches to problems in these areas. No longer…

Eyelid Laceration Repair Robert C. Kersten The first concern when dealing with a lacerated eyelid is to perform a complete eye examination to rule out associated intraocular trauma. Attention should…

2 Fundamental Techniques in Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery Marcos T. Doxanas Fundamental techniques in ophthalmic plastic surgery are similar to those shared by all surgical specialties. The goal of the operative…

5 Cryotherapy Thaddeus S. Nowinski Clinical research evaluating cryotherapy of benign and malignant eyelid tumors produced an unexpected side effect—the loss of eyelashes in the treated area. Follow-up studies confirmed…