Conjunctiva/Sclera/Iris/External Disease 5.1 ACUTE CONJUNCTIVITIS Symptoms “Red eye” (conjunctival hyperemia), discharge, eyelids sticking or crusting (worse in the morning), foreign body sensation, <4-week duration of symptoms (otherwise, see 5.2, Chronic…
General Ophthalmic Problems 13.1 ACQUIRED CATARACT Symptoms Slowly progressive visual loss or blurring, usually over months to years, affecting one or both eyes. Glare, particularly from oncoming headlights while driving…
Imaging Modalities in Ophthalmology 14.1 PLAIN FILMS Description Images of radiopaque tissues obtained by exposure of special photographic plates to ionizing radiation. Uses in Ophthalmology May be used to identify…
Differential Diagnosis of Ocular Signs ANTERIOR CHAMBER/ANTERIOR CHAMBER ANGLE Hyphema Traumatic, iatrogenic (e.g., intraocular surgery or laser), iris neovascularization, herpes simplex or zoster iridocyclitis, blood dyscrasia or clotting disorder (e.g.,…
Differential Diagnosis of Ocular Symptoms BURNING More Common. Blepharitis, meibomitis, dry-eye syndrome, conjunctivitis (infectious, allergic, mechanical, chemical). Less Common. Corneal defects (usually marked by fluorescein staining of the cornea), inflamed…
Questions 1. Which is the correct order of the five layers of Bruch’s membrane (from retina toward sclera)? a. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) basement membrane, inner collagenous zone, elastic layer,…
Questions 1. Which of the following is true of a choristoma? a. There is hypotrophic, immature tissue present at a normal location. b. There is hyperplastic, mature tissue seen at…
Questions 1. A patient is referred for a postoperative evaluation of a 1.2 g gold weight implanted in the left upper eyelid for facial nerve palsy. The patient is shown…
Questions 1. A patient presents complaining of decreased vision in the left eye. His acuities are 20/20 in the right eye and 20/100 in the left eye. The examination is…
Questions 1. A 29-year-old contact lens wearer presents with pain, photophobia, decreased vision, and clinical findings as indicated in the below photograph. Which clinical feature is nearly universal in this…
