30 Age-Related Macular Degeneration Jie Jin Wang Ronald Klein Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), also termed age-related maculopathy (ARM), is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in…
29 Intraocular Dyes for Vitreoretinal Surgery Michel E. Farah Eduardo B. Rodrigues Mauricio Maia Lihteh Wu J. Fernando Arevalo INTRODUCTION The intraocular application of dyes to assist visualization of…
10 Photodynamic Therapy Lucienne Collet Gema Ramírez Rafael Cortez D. Virgil Alfaro III John B. Kerrison Monica Rodriguez-Fontal INTRODUCTION Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of legal…
56 Autologous Transplantation of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Choroid in the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Antonio López Bolaños and Rosa Evangelina Garnica Hayashi In the daily practice…
42 Combination Therapy in the Treatment of Choroidal Neovascularization due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration Albert J. Augustin INTRODUCTION Over the past decade, many new treatment options are available for…
7 Fundus Autofluorescence Miki Sawa R. Theodore Smith Lawrence A. Yannuzzi Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are essential to maintain normal photoreceptor function. The RPE has the important task…
32 Radiotherapy Treatment for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Raul Velez-Montoya Virgilio Morales-Canton Hugo Quiroz-Mercado INTRODUCTION Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex disease and difficult to define. Since its first…
11 Pattern Scan Laser (PASCAL) Photocoagulation Raul Velez-Montoya Gerardo García-Aguirre Mark Blumenkranz Hugo Quiroz-Mercado INTRODUCTION Thirty years ago, in the 1970s, the Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) established the foundation…
17 25-Gauge Vitrectomy for Macular Surgery Steve Charles Sutureless, 25-gauge (25G) vitrectomy was initially utilized by most surgeons for epimacular membranes, macular holes, and vitreomacular traction syndromes, as well…
