(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Structure and Development Overview The retina is a highly specialized neural tissue that converts light into neural signal. It lines the inner surface…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview 1. The visual system in a changing environment The visual system responds to variation in light over time, allowing instantaneous interpretation of…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Ciliary Body Overview The ciliary body is continuous with the iris anteriorly and the choroid posteriorly. Together these three tissues make up the…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   The Lens Overview 1. Structure The lens is a biconvex, transparent structure located behind the iris (Fig. 4.1). Fig. 4.1 The lens and…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview 1. Mechanisms that broaden our luminance range for vision Our visual system can function over a wide range of light intensities, from…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview The primary visual cortex (V1) receives visual information from segregated magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular channels of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) [1,…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Visual electrophysiology is the recording of electrical signals produced by the visual system. It allows assessment of the entire visual pathway, from…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview Visual acuity (VA) is a measure of keenness of sight. It is a relationship between the size of a stimulus and visual…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview: The Physiology of Binocular Vision Binocular vision is obtained from two retinal images that are fused through motor and sensory processes culminating…

(1) University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia   Overview 1. Eye movements: functional domains and control systems A diverse range of eye movements is required for the visual system to function…