BASICS DESCRIPTION Corneal anterior basement membrane dystrophy (ABMD) is the most common corneal dystrophy. It is also known as map-dot-fingerprint, mare’s tail, and Cogan’s microcystic dystrophy ALERT Corneal ABMD is…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Alport syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by glomerulonephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, and ocular changes. • Patients often progress to end-stage renal failure and high-tone deafness by…

Sunir Garg BASICS DESCRIPTION Age-related (senile) retinoschisis (SR) is an acquired condition characterized by splitting of the retina into 2 separate layers. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Not clearly defined. Prevalence • Ranges…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of hereditary diseases marked by absent or decreased melanin biosynthesis within melanocytes, or abnormalities of melanosome formation or…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • The abducens (VI) nerve (CN VI) innervates the ipsilateral lateral rectus (LR) muscle, abducting the eye. CN VI palsy is the most common isolated cranial nerve palsy….

Joseph W. Schmitz BASICS DESCRIPTION • Idiopathic, postganglionic parasympathetic denervation of the iris sphincter, followed by aberrant reinnervation, which results in segmental and sluggish pupillary reaction to light, pupillary light-near…

A Paula Grigorian BASICS DESCRIPTION • Genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the triad of: – Infantile spasm type seizure disorder – Agenesis of corpus callosum – Chorioretinal lacunae EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence…

BASICS DESCRIPTION • Allergic conjunctivitis is an allergic inflammation of the ocular surface that can be divided into the following categories: seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (SAC and PAC), vernal…

Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Reduced or absent color discrimination with photophobia, reduced visual acuity, nystagmus, eccentric fixation, and small central scotoma all due to defective cone development •…

BASICS DESCRIPTION Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) involves inflammation of the iris alone (iritis) or iris and ciliary body together (iridocyclitis) of abrupt onset (lasting days to weeks) and limited duration…