OPHTHALMOLOGY
nerve VI Palsy Sixth (VI) Nerve Palsy
BASICS DESCRIPTION • The abducens (VI) nerve (CN VI) innervates the ipsilateral lateral rectus (LR) muscle, abducting the eye. CN VI palsy is the most common isolated cranial nerve palsy….
tonic pupil
Joseph W. Schmitz BASICS DESCRIPTION • Idiopathic, postganglionic parasympathetic denervation of the iris sphincter, followed by aberrant reinnervation, which results in segmental and sluggish pupillary reaction to light, pupillary light-near…
Conjunctivitis
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Allergic conjunctivitis is an allergic inflammation of the ocular surface that can be divided into the following categories: seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (SAC and PAC), vernal…
Achromatopsia
Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION • Reduced or absent color discrimination with photophobia, reduced visual acuity, nystagmus, eccentric fixation, and small central scotoma all due to defective cone development •…
Anterior Uveitis
BASICS DESCRIPTION Acute anterior uveitis (AAU) involves inflammation of the iris alone (iritis) or iris and ciliary body together (iridocyclitis) of abrupt onset (lasting days to weeks) and limited duration…
Infectious Posterior Uveitis
Herpes viruses infecting the retina manifest themselves differently depending upon the interaction between the virus and the host immune system. Most of them are known as necrotizing retinopathies, but nonnecrotizing…
Posterior Uveitis and Collagen Vascular diseases
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder that most commonly affects the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, eyes, central nervous system (CNS), reticuloendothelial system, the heart, and bones. Epidemiology and Etiology Sarcoidosis…
White Dot Syndromes
Don Gass, MD, first described acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE or AMPPE) in 1968. The clinical presentation is usually characterized by multiple, bilateral, cream-colored, placoid lesions at the…
