OPHTHALMOLOGY
Eyelid Anomalies
7 Eyelid Anomalies Kammi B. Gunton ANKYLOBLEPHARON Etiology Ectodermal dysplasia, otherwise unknown In ankyloblepharon–ectodermal dysplasia– clefting (AEC) patients, a defect in the TP63 gene, an epidermis intercellular junction regulator protein,…
Lens Anomalies
5 Lens Anomalies CONGENITAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL CATARACTS Jonathan H. Salvin and Hillary Gordon Cataracts are an opacification of the lens of the eye, typically associated with age. Congenital cataracts may…
Abnormalities Affecting the Eye as a Whole
1 Abnormalities Affecting the Eye as a Whole Judith B. Lavrich ANOPHTHALMIA Anophthalmia, also known as anophthalmos, is a congenital anomaly that is characterized by the complete absence of ocular…
Lacrimal Anomalies
8 Lacrimal Anomalies Leonard B. Nelson and Harold P. Koller CONGENITAL MUCOCELE When an obstruction at the upper and lower portions of the lacrimal system occurs, fluid accumulates and causes…
in the Eye
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection caused by the acid-fast bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. – Systemic disease that mainly involves the lung – Extrapulmonary manifestations may occur with…
Optic Neuropathy
BASICS DESCRIPTION Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an optic neuropathy which occurs after head or ocular trauma. 2 mechanistic etiologies are recognized. • Direct TON Trauma resulting from penetrating foreign…
(Exudative) Retinal Detachment
Sunir J. Garg BASICS DESCRIPTION • Serous retinal detachment (SRD) is an elevation of the retina due to accumulation of fluid in the subretinal space and is not associated with…
Cranial Nerve Palsy
BASICS DESCRIPTION • The facial nerve is the VII cranial nerve. – Innervation: – Muscles of facial expression – Sympathetic efferents to lacrimal and salivary glands – Sensory afferents from…
