(5.1) with e the electron charge; P ref and P sample , respectively, the reference arm and sample arm power per detector element at the detection arm fiber tip; τ…

(43.1) where Δf(x, y, z) is the mean Doppler frequency shift between time t and t+τ and at a sample location of x (fast scan direction), y (slow scan direction),…

Fig. 36.1 Absorption spectra of common chromophores in human tissue, total tissue absorption, and tissue scattering for biologically normal concentrations (Data obtained from Ref [44]). Scattering is assumed to follow…

(30.1) where is the speckle field amplitude that varies spatially and is the speckle phase that also varies spatially. The optic axis of the speckle field is defined by the…

(49.1) where E is the applied electric field, ε 0 is the permittivity of free space, χ(1) is the linear susceptibility, χ(n) is the nth-order nonlinear susceptibility (for n >…

(29.1) (q, k) is one of the two complex conjugate terms of the interference signal, recorded as a function of wavenumber k in spectrometer-based or swept-source OCT, and lateral spatial…

Fig. 79.1 TSCM images of subcapsular proximal convoluted tubules of a rabbit kidney: 1 h (hr) (a), 24 h (b), 48 h (c) and 72 h (d) following harvesting. With…

, Wayne Waltzer1 and Zhangqun Ye2 (1) Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA (2) Tonji Medical College and Affiliated Hospital, Wuhan, Peoples’ Republic of China   78.1 Introduction Clinical statistics has shown…

Fig. 11.1 Sketches of OCT configuration 11.1 Optical Design Considerations for OCT 11.1.1 Unique Optical Design Needs for OCT OCT presents unique design needs different than, for example, microscopy or…

Fig. 68.1 (a) Schematic of endoscopic OCT probe with 1.8 mm diameter. (b) Photo of the OCT probe in the working channel of the endoscope. c Endoscopic view of OCT…