Sinonasal Examination Examination and palpation of the external nose shows deformities and crepitation and confirms soft-tissue or firm masses. Transillumination of the frontal and maxillary sinuses is an unreliable maneuver….

The orbit and lacrimal system is bounded by the paranasal sinuses, eyelids, temporal region, and intracranial fossa ( Figs. 7.1 and 7.2 ). The orbit contains all of the supporting…

Anatomy of the Orbit Orbital Cavity The orbits are the bony spaces that divide the upper facial skeleton from the middle face. The bony walls of the orbit, a four-sided…

The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are intimately associated with the orbit, and as such frequently serve as an appropriate surgical corridor for endoscopic access to orbital pathology. For instance,…

Neurosurgical approaches to the orbit are often done with the aid of ophthalmologist or otolaryngologist, to address intraorbital lesions invading intracranial spaces or, more recently, to gain skull base exposure….

Endoscopic orbital surgery has rapidly established itself as a highly evolving multidisciplinary surgical field, relying on the expertise and technical skills of ophthalmologists and otolaryngologists. In 1978, Norris and Cleasby…