Retinoblastoma: Introduction, Genetics, Clinical Features, Classification Retinoblastoma: Introduction, Genetics, and Clinical Features Introduction Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy of childhood, occurring in about 1 in 15,000 live births….
Vascular Tumors and Malformations of the Uvea Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma General Considerations Several vascular tumors and malformations can affect the uveal tract. The most important is choroidal hemangioma, which can…
Tumors of the Nonpigmented Ciliary Epithelium Congenital Neoplasms (Medulloepithelioma) Several neoplasms and related lesions can originate in the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPCE). Zimmerman classified these lesions into congenital and acquired…
Management of Retinoblastoma Management of Retinoblastoma General Considerations The management of retinoblastoma has gone through a remarkable evolution in the last century, and the treatment has become complex (1, 2,…
Lesions That Can Simulate Retinoblastoma Lesions Simulating Retinoblastoma Several conditions can resemble retinoblastoma by causing a white fundus lesion and/or by causing leukocoria (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,…
Osseous, Myogenic, Neurogenic, Fibrous, and Histiocytic Tumors of the Uvea Choroidal Osteoma General Considerations Choroidal osteoma (choroidal osseous choristoma) is an unusual benign bony tumor that has received much attention…
Posterior Uveal Melanoma: Clinical Features Clinical Features of Posterior Uveal Melanoma General Considerations Melanoma of the posterior uvea (ciliary body and choroid) is the most common malignancy encountered by ophthalmologists,…
Nonneoplastic Conditions That Can Simulate Posterior Uveal Melanoma and Other Intraocular Neoplasms Nonneoplastic Conditions That Can Simulate Posterior Uveal Melanoma and Other Intraocular Neoplasms Several conditions can clinically simulate posterior…
Retinoblastoma: Pathology Retinoblastoma: Pathology Pathologically, retinoblastoma has characteristic gross and microscopic features (1,2). Grossly, it is a white tumor that arises from the sensory retina. The endophytic, exophytic, or diffuse…
Retinoblastoma: Diagnostic Approaches Retinoblastoma: Diagnostic Approaches The diagnosis of retinoblastoma is best made by the recognition of its typical clinical features using indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit lamp biomicroscopy (1). In…
