Ento Key

The epitympanum is an important anatomical region in otologic surgery, particularly in the treatment of cholesteatoma and chronic suppurative otitis media. Its relevance in the treatment of lesions that extend…

Implantable hearing devices have now become standard of care for the rehabilitation of many hearing loss conditions. Devices include cochlear implants (CIs), bone conduction systems, and also active middle ear…

Variations of the mastoidectomy procedure are a prerequisite for the management of chronic ear disease. The canal wall-up (CWU, also known as intact–canal wall [ICW] or combined approach) mastoidectomy has…

Introduction The word cholesteatoma is connected to Johannes Mueller, a German pathologist who introduced it in the year 1838 as a term for a “tumeur perleé,” which had previously been…

The technical definition of otitis media is inflammation of the middle ear space without any reference to etiology, and, in medical terms, a chronic condition typically persists at least 3…

The development of the rigid rod endoscope by Hopkins in the 1950s opened a new path for surgery in almost every branch of the discipline. Although endoscopes have been used…

Canal wall-down (CWD) mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure that, in its most common application, involves removal of the superior and posterior bony external auditory canal wall such that a continuous…

As every middle ear surgeon can attest, achieving good hearing results from middle ear reconstruction is difficult and unpredictable, with a myriad of factors impacting the outcomes. Published hearing results…

The use of cartilage in middle ear surgery is not a new concept and has been recommended on a limited basis to manage retraction pockets for many years.1,​2 More recently,…

Canalplasty refers to the surgical procedure that attempts to restore or create the natural contour and patency of the external auditory canal (EAC). Meatoplasty, on the other hand, describes the…