Fig. 17.1 Primary orbital retinoblastoma. Orbital extension of an intraocular retinoblastoma at the initial clinical presentation, manifesting as massive proptosis (a). Computed tomography scan confirmed an orbital mass (b) 17.3.2…
Treatment Indication Complications Photocoagulation Primary treatment, consolidation treatment, and for tumor recurrence Tumor seeding into vitreous, retinal fibrosis and traction, retinal vascular occlusion Tumors not more than 3 mm in…
Group Subgroup Descriptor Prognosis Group I Ia Solitary tumor < 4 DD at or behind the equator Very favorable Ib Multiple tumors, none > 4 DD, all at or behind the equator Group II…
Fig. 12.1 Super-selective catheterization of the ophthalmic artery (Reproduced with permission from Jabbour et al. [33]) 12.4 Current Results Abramson’s initial report was that of a phase I/II trial of…
Incidence may be higher Advanced intraocular disease at presentation Extraocular disease at presentation Delayed diagnosis Existence of several barriers to optimal delivery of care Poor survival rate International collaborative efforts…
Fig. 11.1 Pretreatment group B retinoblastoma (a). Note reduction in tumor volume 3 weeks after the administration of the first cycle of carboplatin, etoposide, and vincristine (b). Focal consolidation may…
Fig. 6.1 Retinoblastoma arises during retinal development. (a) The mature retina is made up of seven major classes of retinal cell types (rods, cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells, horizontal neurons,…
Fig. 8.1 This pedigree represents an apparently sporadic bilateral retinoblastoma in the proband, but genetic testing of the parent revealed that the unaffected mother is mosaic for the RB1 mutation….
Author No. eyes Regimen Cycles V eyes EBR Enuc None F/U (months) Gallie [9] 40 VRES 18 4 1 13 3 Kingston [26] 24 VRE 2–4 24 20 6 18…
Fig. 19.1 Cumulative incidence of second malignancy following diagnosis of retinoblastoma in patients with hereditary and nonhereditary retinoblastoma (a) and in the hereditary retinoblastoma with and without radiation treatment (b)…
