Ento Key

Retina 11.1 Posterior Vitreous Detachment Symptoms Floaters, blurred vision, and flashes of light which are more common in dim illumination and the temporal visual field. Signs Critical. One or more…

Uveitis 12.1 Anterior Uveitis (Iritis/Iridocyclitis) Symptoms Acute: Pain, redness, photophobia, consensual photophobia (pain in the affected eye when a light is shone in the fellow eye), excessive tearing, decreased vision….

Neuro-Ophthalmology 10.1 Anisocoria Eyelid position, globe position (e.g., to rule out proptosis) and extraocular motility MUST be evaluated when anisocoria is present (see Figure 10.1.1). Classification The abnormal pupil is…

Imaging Modalities in Ophthalmology 14.1 Plain Films Radiography Description Images of radiopaque tissues obtained by exposure of special photographic plates to ionizing radiation. Uses in Ophthalmology May be used to…

Glaucoma 9.1 Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Symptoms Usually asymptomatic until the later stages. Symptoms may include visual field defects. Tunnel vision and loss of central fixation typically do not occur…

General Ophthalmic Problems 13.1 Acquired Cataract Symptoms Slowly progressive visual loss or blurring, usually over months to years, affecting one or both eyes. Glare, especially in bright sun or from…

Cornea 4.1 Superficial Punctate Keratopathy Symptoms Pain, photophobia, red eye, foreign body sensation, mildly decreased vision. Signs (See Figure 4.1.1.) Critical. Pinpoint corneal epithelial defects that stain with fluorescein. May…

Pediatrics 8.1 Leukocoria Definition A white pupillary reflex (see Figure 8.1.1). Etiology Retinoblastoma: A malignant tumor of the retina that appears as a white, nodular mass that breaks through the…

Conjunctiva/Sclera/Iris/External Disease 5.1 Acute Conjunctivitis Symptoms “Red eye” (conjunctival hyperemia), discharge, eyelids sticking or crusting (worse upon awakening from sleep), foreign body sensation, <4-week duration of symptoms (otherwise, SEE 5.2,…

Orbit 7.1 Orbital Disease This section provides a framework to evaluate a variety of orbital disorders. Symptoms Eyelid swelling, bulging eye(s), and double vision are common. Pain, decreased visual acuity,…