Pathology of the Orbit
Observations on Classification The orbit is affected by diverse diseases with a significant emphasis on inflammatory reactive changes ( ▶ Table 9.1). Table 9.1 Distribution of orbital diseases (Rootman, 1988) Disease…
Reconstructive Orbital Surgery
Principles of Orbital Reconstruction Both congenital and acquired orbital deformities can necessitate reconstructive treatment of the orbit. However, this does not mean that functional impairments, such as diplopia, are always…
Radiotherapy of Orbital Diseases
Technique 14.2.1 Percutaneous Radiotherapy (External Beam Radiotherapy) Linear accelerators are used in the main to produce ultrahard photon or electron radiation for percutaneous radiation (external beam radiotherapy, EBRT) Occasionally, X-ray tubes…
Anesthesiological Aspects of Orbit Surgery
Clinical Anatomy Reference should be made to Chapter ▶ 1 for an understanding of the significant clinical anatomy pertinent to anesthesiological care. The optic nerve consists of the bundled axons…
Intraconal Orbital Tumors
Evaluation/Diagnosis As seen already in other chapters, when presented with an orbital mass the treating clinician must first decide whether the mass is an infectious or inflammatory condition, or whether…
Tumors of the Fronto-orbital Skull Base, the Optic Nerves, and the Intracranial Optic Pathways
Meningiomas of the Frontal Skull Base and the Orbit Intracranial meningiomas are very common, accounting for 25 to 30% of all primary intracranial tumors; they frequently involve the orbital structures…
Orbital Malformations
Congenital Orbital Malformations Malformations of the eyes, the orbits, and their surrounding tissues can be congenital or acquired. Congenital deformities occur in isolation, in combination, or as a component of…
Orbital Complications
Intraorbital Hemorrhages 6.2.1 Iatrogenic Hemorrhage due to Endonasal Surgery of the Sinuses Intraoperative or postoperative bleeding into the orbit can be caused by sinus surgery. This can result in an orbital…
Pathophysiological Aspects of the Orbit
The Orbit as a Closed Bony Compartment The orbit consists of several bony structures. The orbital content is extensively surrounded by a bony shell, which while it gives protection against…
