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Trigeminal Nerve Eric E. Kraus Craig H. Smith ANATOMY GASSERIAN GANGLION AND BRAINSTEM NUCLEI The trigeminal nerve contains both a sensory and a motor root. The cell bodies of the…

The Tear Film Erin Peters Kathryn Colby INTRODUCTION The tear film is an exceedingly complex structure, the intricacies of which are not yet completely understood. There has been tremendous growth…

Facial Nerve Eric E. Kraus Craig H. Smith EMBRYOLOGY The facial nerve is formed from elements of the second (hyoid) branchial arch, which supplies its motor and sensory components. The…

Eye Movements R. John Leigh Janet C. Rucker A grasp of the properties of eye movements is indispensable to practicing ophthalmologists. Abnormal eye movements often provide diagnostic clues and sometimes…

Molecular Biology and Genetics of the Retina John M. Nickerson J. Fielding Hejtmancik The reference material presented in this chapter provides the resident and clinical ophthalmologist with an adequate knowledge…

Sclera Maite Sainz De La Maza C. Stephen Foster The sclera is a dense connective tissue that accounts for five-sixths of the outer coat of the eyeball. The sclera, remarkable…

Structure and Function of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium Gerald B. Grunwald The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) occupies a functionally critical location in the human eye, sandwiched between the neural retina…

Congenital Optic Nerve Malformations Brian P. Brook Elias I. Trabouls Development of the Optic Nerve The optic nerve develops along the path of the optic stalk, which connects the optic…

Anatomy and Embryology of the Optic Nerve Cristiano Oliveira Christopher A. Girkin Russell W. Read Supported in part by unrestricted departmental grants from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., New York,…

Functional Morphology of the Trabecular Meshwork Elke Lutjen-Drecoll Johannes W. Rohen Anatomy The chamber angle is formed by the iris root; the connective tissue, in front of the ciliary body…