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Aqueous Humor: Secretion and Dynamics B’Ann T. Gabelt Julie A. Kiland Baohe Tian Paul L. Kaufman The aqueous humor is a transparent, colorless solution continuously formed from plasma by the…

Gram-Negative Bacilli in Ocular Disease Nada S. Jabbur Terrence P. O’Brien Bacteria can cause disease in host tissue by various mechanisms. Gram-negative bacteria have a unique outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides…

Enucleation, Evisceration, and Exenteration Techniques Mark Alford* *The author has no financial interest in any of the products discussed in this manuscript. The removal of an eye or the orbital…

Orbital Surgery Robert C. Kersten Jeffrey A. Nerad H. Jane Kim Neoplasms involving the orbit are uncommon. Their proper treatment requires a detailed knowledge of orbital anatomy and the clinical…

Iris Cecilia S. Jung Hans E. Grossniklaus Amy K. Hutchinson The iris functions as a diaphragm within the eye, separating the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. The structure…

Trigeminal Nerve Leo H. Wang Eric E. Kraus Craig H. Smith The trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V [CN V]) is the main sensory nerve of the face responsible for tactile,…

The Optic Nerve in Glaucoma Douglas R. Anderson THE NORMAL RETINA AND OPTIC NERVE The approximately 1 million axons that form the optic nerve arise from the retinal ganglion cells…

Cataracts and Systemic Disease Anna K. Junk Donald A. Morris Cataracts are frequently found in association with other ocular pathology and may or may not be associated with systemic disease….

Management of Posterior Capsule in Pediatric Cataract Surgery Paolo Nucci Massimiliano Serafino M. Edward Wilson Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) caused by postoperative proliferation of cells in the capsular bag remains…

Superficial Keratectomy Kenneth R. Kenyon Dasa V. Gangadhar Leslie T. L. Pham Kenneth M. Goins Michael D. Wagoner Superficial keratectomy is the microsurgical removal of subepithelial fibrous membranes and/or anterior…