Audiology—Terminology and Tests
14 Audiology—Terminology and Tests 14.1 Decibels and Decibel Scales • Subjective loudness is proportional to equal multiples of sound intensity • Bel = log10 (sound intensity/intensity reference (10–12 W/m2); 10…
Robotic Surgery and Transoral Laser Surgery in Head and Neck
61 Robotic Surgery and Transoral Laser Surgery in Head and Neck 61.1 Robotic Surgery in Head and Neck • History Da Vinci Robot 1st ever robotic operation was a heart…
European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps
24 European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 24.1 Definitions • Rhinosinusitis: Nasal blockage/obstruction/congestion or nasal discharge + at least one of: – Facial pain/pressure – Hyposmia/anosmia In addition,…
Acute and Chronic Nasal Disorders
22 Acute and Chronic Nasal Disorders For acute and chronic disease also involving sinuses—see related chapters 24–26 22.1 Bacterial Infections 22.1.1 Folliculitis and Vestibulitis • Invasion of pilosebaceous follicle by…
Complications of Sinusitis
25 Complications of Sinusitis 25.1 Complications of Acute Sinusitis • Divided into orbital (60–75%), intracranial (15–20%), and osseous (5–10%) complications • Sinus disease accounts for: 10% of intracranial suppuration 10%…
Facial Nerve
19 Facial Nerve 19.1 Anatomy (Fig. 19.1) • Mixed cranial n: Efferent motor fibres to muscles of facial expression, buccinator, stapedius, digastric (posterior belly), and stylohyoid Afferent taste fibres to…
