Fig. 25.1 Parathyroid adenoma identified on office ultrasound Fig. 25.2 Posteriorly descended left superior parathyroid adenoma on ultrasound The abnormal inferior parathyroid gland is generally easier to image with ultrasound…
Fig. 4.1 Bioactive vitamin D activates the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which interacts with a neighboring retinoic acid receptor. This complex then binds to the vitamin D response element (VDRE)…
Fig. 14.1 Non-enhanced, arterial, and venous-phase (left to right) axial CT images from a 4DCT in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism shows an ovoid parathyroid adenoma posterior to the right…
Fig. 23.1 Left inferior parathyroid adenoma abutting left common carotid artery and dorsal to left thyroid lobe. Transverse view. CCA common carotid artery, IJV internal jugular vein, SH/ST sternohyoid and…
Fig. 40.1 It is important to examine the patient’s neck for any masses or signs of prior surgery before the patient is imaged. Also, when imaging, the patient’s chin should…
Fig. 46.1 Vascular supply of the parathyroid glands and relationship with the thyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve. Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Edition 2, Greg W. Randolph,…
Serum calcium >12.0 mg/dL 24-h Urinary calcium >400 mg/day Episode of life-threatening hypercalcemia Creatinine clearance decreased by ≥30 % Nephrolithiasis Age <50 years Osteitis fibrosa cystica Osteoporosis Neuromuscular symptoms Preoperative…
Fig. 31.1 Gross pathology specimen of a parathyroid carcinoma. The tumor was pushing and displacing the thyroid gland but not invading it. The right thyroid lobe was removed regardless due…
Fig. 37.1 Cervical ultrasound demonstrating a right inferior parathyroid adenoma (a) Transverse view; (b) Longitudinal view Sestamibi Scintigraphy Sestamibi (six methoxyisobutylisonitrile) is a monovalent lipophilic cation that diffuses passively across…
Fig. 36.1 Left inferior gland parathyroid carcinoma Temporary hoarseness can occur after any surgery that involves general anesthesia, but the potential for RLN injury in parathyroid surgery mandates greater concern…
