Unilateral Bilateral Reduced operative time All parathyroid tissue visualized Less dissection required with reduced operative risks including bleeding and injury to RLN Rates of persistent/recurrent pHPT may be lower compared…

, Kyung Tae2  , Leandro Luongo de Matos1 and Evandro Lima e Silva1 (1) Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil (2) Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of…

Fig. 43.1 A general overview of the reimbursement cycle . A physician documents the services and procedures provided along with their medical indications. This information is consolidated into diagnosis (ICD-9-CM/ICD-10-CM1)…

Fig. 12.1 Left inferior parathyroid adenoma . 62-year-old female with 3–4-year history of nephrolithiasis and hypercalcemia. Presented with a total serum calcium of 10.4 mg/dL (normal 8.6–10.4) and parathormone level…

Agent Starting dose Route Use Calcium gluconate 1–2 g Intravenous Acute hypoparathyroidism Calcium salts 500–1000 mg of elemental calcium three times daily Oral Chronic hypoparathyroidism Vitamin D metabolites See table…

Fig. 33.1 Distinctive appearance of smooth palpable nodules on the lips and tongue in MEN2B Fig. 33.2 Neuroma of upper lid margin in MEN2B The RET gene (Rearranged during transfection…

Fig. 22.1 Intraoperative PTH values at pre-incision, time zero (immediately prior to excision of parathyroid adenoma), and 10 min post-excision. There is a greater than 50 % PTH drop at…