Reasons for immobility of vocal folds Comment Palsy/paresis/paralysis Most frequent reason Lesion of recurrent nerve Lesion of vagal nerve Movement impairment of arytenoid cartilage/cricothyroid joint abnormalities/ankyloses (Sub)luxation (e.g. after emergency…
Fig. 7.1 Cernea’s classification of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) In 1992 Cernea [4] classified the EBSLN into three types: Type 1: Nerve crossing the superior…
Fig. 11.1 Flexible transnasal endoscopy is the preferred approach to assess neuromuscular movement disorders within clinical diagnostics [Courtesy of Olympus Europe SE & Co. KG, Hamburg, Germany] 11.2.1 Testing of…
Fig. 16.1 Surgical technique of the first successful composite total laryngeal transplant. Vascular anastomoses included the donor right internal jugular vein to the recipient right facial vein, donor left middle…
Fig. 14.1 (a) Synkinetic Reinnervation right side. Abduction inhibition right side (green marked RLN) because of co-stimulation of the PCA and LCA muscles, due to sprouting of abductor axons into…
Fig. 15.1 Ansa-recurrent nerve anastomosis [14–16, 24]. Schematic posterior view of the procedure. Left side. XII: Hypoglossal nerve. PCA posterior cricoarytenoid muscle The next step is to identify the RLN….
Fig. 10.1 The optimal injection site for Vox Implants is the deep paraglottic space, between the thyroarytenoid muscle and the inner perichondrium of the thyroid cartilage Fig. 10.2 Microlaryngoscopic view…
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) Motor innervation Mastication—temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral pterygoid Hypolaryngeal excursion—Mylohyoid, anterior belly digastric Tensing velum—Tensor veli palatini Sensory innervation Bolus manipulation—sensation from mouth, cheeks, and anterior…
No. of patients 69 Female 34 Male 35 Age (y) Mean ± SD 56 ± 16 Minimum 11 Maximum 83 Follow-up (mo) Mean ± SD 50 ± 44 Minimum 1…
Etiology Comment Paralytic etiology Traumatic Lesion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or of the vagal nerve on both sides Iatrogenic Mainly during thyroid surgery Neurologic Myasthenia gravis, stroke, and amyotrophic…
